CaBr₂ Chemical Properties

Comprehensive technical guide to calcium bromide (CaBr₂) chemical properties, molecular structure, physical characteristics, and industrial applications. Technical data provided by DETERRA LTD.

What is CaBr₂?

CaBr₂ (calcium bromide) is an inorganic ionic compound consisting of one calcium cation (Ca²⁺) and two bromide anions (Br⁻). This white crystalline salt is highly soluble in water and forms clear, dense solutions.

The compound exists in several hydrated forms, with the anhydrous form CaBr₂ and the dihydrate CaBr₂·2H₂O being the most common commercial forms.

Quick Facts:

IUPAC Name:
Calcium dibromide
Common Names:
Calcium bromide, CaBr₂
CAS Number:
7789-41-5
EC Number:
232-164-6
Molecular structure representation of CaBr₂

Molecular representation of calcium bromide structure

CaBr₂ Chemical Properties

Molecular Properties

Chemical Formula: CaBr₂
Molecular Weight: 199.89 g/mol
Ionic Composition: Ca²⁺ + 2Br⁻
Elemental Composition: Ca: 20.0%, Br: 80.0%
Crystal System: Orthorhombic
Space Group: Pnnm

Physical Properties

Appearance: White crystalline solid
Density (solid): 3.353 g/cm³ at 25°C
Melting Point: 730°C (1,346°F)
Boiling Point: 1,935°C (3,515°F)
Hygroscopicity: Highly hygroscopic
Odor: Odorless

CaBr₂ Solubility Properties

Water Solubility

CaBr₂ exhibits exceptional water solubility, making it ideal for preparing high-density brine solutions.

At 0°C:
125 g/100 mL water
At 20°C:
143 g/100 mL water
At 100°C:
312 g/100 mL water

Note: The high solubility allows for preparation of dense brines up to 14.2 ppg (1.70 g/cm³) with 52% CaBr₂ solutions.

Other Solvents

Methanol: Soluble
Ethanol: Slightly soluble
Acetone: Insoluble
Diethyl ether: Insoluble

Solution Properties

  • Forms clear, colorless solutions
  • Solutions are electrically conductive
  • pH of aqueous solutions: 6.0-8.0
  • Exhibits negative temperature coefficient

Thermodynamic Properties of CaBr₂

Enthalpy Data

ΔHf° (formation): -682.8 kJ/mol
ΔHfus (fusion): 29.1 kJ/mol
ΔHsol (solution): -103.1 kJ/mol

Entropy & Free Energy

S° (entropy): 130 J/(mol·K)
ΔGf° (free energy): -663.6 kJ/mol

Heat Capacity

Cp (solid): 71.1 J/(mol·K)
Cp (liquid): ~85 J/(mol·K)

CaBr₂ Chemical Reactions

Formation Reactions

From Calcium Carbonate and HBr:

CaCO₃ + 2HBr → CaBr₂ + H₂O + CO₂

From Calcium Hydroxide and HBr:

Ca(OH)₂ + 2HBr → CaBr₂ + 2H₂O

From Calcium and Bromine:

Ca + Br₂ → CaBr₂

Decomposition & Other Reactions

Thermal Decomposition:

CaBr₂ → Ca + Br₂ (at very high temperatures)

With Silver Nitrate (precipitation):

CaBr₂ + 2AgNO₃ → Ca(NO₃)₂ + 2AgBr↓

Hydrate Formation:

CaBr₂ + 2H₂O → CaBr₂·2H₂O

Industrial Applications of CaBr₂

Oil & Gas Industry

Primary use in formulating high-density, solids-free drilling and completion fluids.

  • Drilling fluid density control
  • Completion fluid formulation
  • Workover operations
  • Packer fluid applications

Flame Retardants

Used as a component in bromine-based flame retardant systems.

  • Textile flame retardation
  • Polymer additive
  • Fire safety applications

Mercury Control

Environmental application in mercury emission control systems.

  • Coal-fired power plants
  • Flue gas treatment
  • Environmental compliance

Chemical Synthesis

Intermediate in various chemical manufacturing processes.

  • Bromide salt production
  • Pharmaceutical intermediates
  • Specialty chemical synthesis

Heat Transfer

High-density solutions for specialized heat transfer applications.

  • Industrial cooling systems
  • Heat exchange fluids
  • Temperature control applications

Laboratory Use

Research and analytical chemistry applications.

  • Analytical reagent
  • Research applications
  • Educational demonstrations

CaBr₂ Safety & Handling

Always consult the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for comprehensive safety information before handling CaBr₂.

Hazard Classification

  • Skin irritant (Category 2)
  • Eye irritant (Category 2A)
  • May cause respiratory irritation
  • Harmful if swallowed

Personal Protection

  • Safety goggles or face shield
  • Chemical-resistant gloves
  • Protective clothing
  • Respiratory protection if needed

Storage Requirements

  • Store in dry, cool conditions
  • Protect from moisture
  • Use sealed containers
  • Separate from incompatibles

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